镁、锌、钼配施对银杏苗叶生物量和药用品质的影响

摘要

An experiment of combining application of Mg, Zn and Mo fertilizers under the foliage spraying with different levels was arranged to study effects of the fertilization on leaf biomass, main medicinal constituent contents and their yields per plant of ginkgo seedlings on the basis of an orthogonal design in greenhouse. The results show that the different combinations of Mg, Zn and Mo fertilizers have significant effects on leaf biomass, total flavonoid content and its yield per plant, terpene trilactone content and its yield per plant of ginkgo seedling. The treatments of Mg4Zn3Mo2, MglZn2Mo2, Mg2Zn4Mo3, Mg4Zn3Mo2 and Mg4Zn3Mo2 are suitable to enhance leaf biomass, total flavonoid content and its yield per plant, terpene trilactone content and its yield per plant, respectively. The primary relations of Mg, Zn and Mo effect on leaf biomass, total flavonoid content and its yield per plant are Mg 〉 Mo 〉 Zn. The primary relations of Mg, Zn and Mo effect on terpene trilactone content and its yield per plant are Zn 〉 Mo 〉 Mg, and Mg 〉 Zn 〉 Mo respectively. Spraying Mg, Zn and Mo fertilizers could correspondingly promote total magnesium, total zinc, total molybdenum contents, while praying Zn and Mo fertilizers have little influences on total magnesium contents. Spraying Mg fertilizer could promote total zinc contents under high levels of Mg, while praying Mo fertilizer could promote total zinc contents under low levels of Mo. Spraying Mg and Zn fertilizers have little influences on total molybdenum contents. The Mg fertilizer has bad effect on total flavonoid content and has good effect on terpene trilactone content and its yield per plant. The high level of the Zn fertilizer could promote total flavonoid and terpene trilactone contents, but the low level of Zn has small or bad effects on them. The low and moderate levels of the Mo fertilizer could promote total flavonoid and terpene trilactone contents, but the high level of Mo has small or bad effects on them.%在温室条件下,采用正交试验设计,研究了叶面喷施镁、锌、钼对银杏苗叶生物量、主要药效成分含量及其单株产量的影响。结果表明,不同的镁锌钼组合对银杏苗叶生物量、总黄酮含量及其单株产量、萜内酯含量及其单株产量均有显著影响。较适宜银杏叶生物量、单株总黄酮产量、单株萜内酯产量提高的组合均是Mg4Zn3Mo2,适宜银杏总黄酮含量、萜内酯含量提高的组合分别是Mg1Zn2Mo2、Mg2Zn4Mo3。镁、锌、钼对银杏单株叶生物量、总黄酮含量及其单株产量影响的主次顺序为镁〉钼〉锌,对萜内酯含量影响的主次顺序为锌〉钼〉镁,对单株萜内酯产量的主次顺序为镁〉锌〉钼。叶面喷施镁锌钼肥可相应提高叶中镁、锌、钼含量,而叶面配施锌钼肥对叶中全镁的含量的影响不大,叶面配施镁肥在高水平下促进叶中全锌量的积累,叶面配施钼肥在低水平（Mo2）下提高了叶中全锌含量,叶面配施镁锌肥对叶中全钼的含量影响不大。喷施镁肥对总黄酮含量产生了负面影响,但促进了萜内酯含量及其单株产量的提高;锌在高水平下对总黄酮和萜内酯含量有促进作用,低浓度下作用不大或有负面影响;钼在中、低水平下对总黄酮和萜内酯含量有促进作用,高浓度下作用不大或有负面影响。