移栽方式与施氮量对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响

摘要

[目的]研究陕西渭北烤烟适宜的移栽方式和施氮量的组合,为陕西烟区优质烤烟的生产提供理论依据.[方法]以秦烟96为材料进行了大田裂区试验.以三种移栽方式为主区(常规移栽、小苗膜下移栽、井窖式膜上移栽),五个施氮水平为副区(N 52.5、60、67.5、75和82.5 kg/hm2),采样分析了烤烟各生育期的硝酸还原酶、淀粉酶活性以及成熟期碳氮代谢物含量和烤烟产、质量.[结果]硝酸还原酶和淀粉酶活性在烤烟整个生育期均呈现先升高后降低的趋势.常规移栽方式下,高施氮量的烤烟碳氮代谢物含量、农艺和经济性状表现较好;小苗膜下移栽和井窖式膜上移栽,中施氮量的硝酸还原酶和淀粉酶活性对烤烟生长更有利.施氮量相同时,井窖式移栽方式烤烟生长发育及产质量好于其他两种移栽方式.井窖式膜上移栽下,施氮量为N 67.5kg/hm2时烤烟的硝酸还原酶、淀粉酶活性表现最佳,碳氮代谢物均在适宜范围内,农艺与经济性状表现稳定,可促进烤烟的生长发育,提高烤烟的产质量.[结论]渭北地区烤烟适宜的栽培方式为井窖式膜上移栽,施氮量为N 67.5 kg/hm2时,烤烟碳氮代谢效率高,可促进其生长发育,提高经济效益.%[Objectives] Suitable transplanting methods and the combination of nitrogen application rates in tobacco planting areas of Shaanxi were compared,which provided a theoretical basis for the production of high quality flue-cured tobacco in Shaanxi tobacco-growing areas.[Methods] A split-plot experiment was conducted using tobacco cultivar of Qinyan 96 as materials in Baoji City,Shaanxi Province.The main plots were transplanting methods,including conventional transplanting,transplanted seedlings beneath the plastic film and transplanted seedlings uncovered inside cellular wells.The subplots were five levels of nitrogen,52.5,60,67.5,75 and 82.5 kg/hm2.Tobacco samples were collected to determine the activities of nitrate reductase and amylase at growing stages,and the contents of carbon and nitrogen metabolites and the yield and quality of tobacco were investigated at the maturity stage.[Results] The activities of nitrate reductase and amylase showed trends of increasing first and then decreasing in the whole growth period of flue-cured tobacco.In the conventional transplanting mode,the high nitrogen rate was suitable for high contents of carbon and nitrogen metabolites,agronomic and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco.In the membrane transplanting and well pit-type membrane transplanting,the nitrate reductase and amylase activities under the medium nitrogen rate were beneficial to the growth of flue-cured tobacco seedlings.Under the same nitrogen application rate,the growth,yield and quality of tobacco in well pit-type membrane transplanting were better than in the others.When the nitrogen application rate was 67.5 kg/hm2,the activities of nitrate reductase and amylase were the highest,the carbon and nitrogen metabolites and the agronomic and economic characters were high and stable.[Conclusions] The feasible transplanting mode in Weibei tobacco production area is the well pit-type membrane transplanting and the nitrogen rate is 67.5 kg/hm2.This combination could improve the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco and promote its growth and development,and improve the economic benefit.