福州市15种常用灌木滞留颗粒物效应的时空特征

摘要

In order to understand temporal-spatial variation characteristics of the particulate matter retention effects of 15 ever-green bushes that are commonly used as street greening plant species in Fuzhou,leaves with four adnation angles were collected from the selected species in four locations and four seasons.The methods of weighing filtrated membranes with conversion of mathematical proportion relationship were adopted.Total dust retention amount and capabilities of retaining the particulate matter less 10μm (Dp＜10 μm),and 2.5 μm (Dp＜2.5 μm) were examined.The results demonstrated that the ability of particles retained in autumn was the least and in spring or winter was the most.Shrubs mainly retained Dp＜2.5 μm,and the percentage was the highest in autumn.The ability of particles retained were basically identical with the traffic on four roads and the order was West Minjiang Avenue (between 2nd to 3rd Ring Rd)＞North Baima Rd (2nd Ring Rd)＞Minjiang Avenue (between 2nd to 3rd Ring Rd)＞3rd Ring Rd.The leaves at angle of 60°-90° retained particles most.The shrubs which leaf surface was full of dense fluffy,high density of stomata and curl,net and deep veins or ravines,rough were still in favor of retaining particulate no matter what season or road was.%为研究灌木滞留颗粒物效应的时空特征,采用水洗-滤膜法结合比例换算法对福州市15种道路常用常绿灌木四季、4条道路以及4个不同着生角度叶片单位面积的总滞尘、滞留粒径＜10μm(Dp＜10 μm)和粒径＜2.5μm颗粒(Dp＜2.5 μm)的能力进行研究.结果表明,大部分绿化灌木四季滞留颗粒物的能力都呈现秋季最少,春季或冬季最多的规律,四季主要滞留Dp＜2.5 μm颗粒,且秋季的质量百分比最大.树种4条道路滞留颗粒物的能力与道路交通状况一致,基本呈江滨西大道(二环至三环间道路)＞白马路(二环内道路)＞闽江大道(二环至三环间道路)＞三环快速路的规律.此外,着生角度在60°～90°的叶片滞留能力最强.叶表具绒毛、沟壑、气孔、蜡质层等特殊叶表结构的树种四季,4条道路滞留颗粒物的能力始终较强.