Objective: To discuss a practical, simple, and reliable clinical criteria for quickly identifying febrile neonates with low risk for serious bacterial infection (SB1). Methods: Three hundred and eighty-six febrile neonates whose complete clinical data were available were selected. According to their their clinical manifestations and essential laboratory results, the risk for SBI was identified, and compared with the last judgment in discharge. Result: Among the three hundred and eighty-six febrile neonales SBI was documented in one hundred and eight (28% ) neonates. According the quick clinical criteria among the one hundred and sixty-six neonates suitable to the criteria of low risk for SBI in three hundred and eighty-six febrile neonates only gne neonate was confirmed with SBI (0. 6% ). Among the other two hundred and twenty neonates who were not suitable to the criteria of low risk for SBI one hundred and seven neonates were confirmed with SBI (48. 6% ). There was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to the incidence of SBI (P <0. 01). The negative predictive value for SBI of the combination of the low risk criteria was 99. 4% (95% CI 99. 35% ~ 99. 45% ). Conclusion: Fulfilemt of the criteria for low risk might be one of evaluation methods for for excluding SBI in febrile neonates.%目的:探讨实用、简单、快速、可靠的临床鉴别发热新生儿具有严重细菌感染(SBI)低风险性的评价标准.方法:选择386例具有完整临床资料的发热新生儿,根据入院时患儿的临床表现及基本实验室检查结果快速鉴别其发生SBI的风险性,并与出院时的SBI最终诊断结果作比较.结果:386例发热新生儿中,证实为SBI 108例(28％).入院时根据快速鉴别的评价标准,386例发热新生儿中,符合SBI低风险诊断标准的新生儿166例,其中证实为SBI 1例(0.6％),不符合SBI低风险评价标准的新生儿220例,证实为SBI 107例(48.6％),两组患儿的SBI发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),SBI低风险评价标准的阴性预测值为99.4％ (95％CI为99.35％～99.45％).结论:SBI低风险评价标准标准可在临床上作为快速排除发热新生儿发生SBI的评价方法之一.
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