目的 观察不同热习服条件对大鼠热习服能力及湿热环境下运动能力的影响. 方法 将64只雄性SD大鼠按数字表法随机分为常温常湿安静(LLQ)组、常温常湿运动(LLE)组、常温高湿安静(LHQ)组、常温高湿运动(LHE)组、高温常湿安静(HLQ)组、高温常湿运动(HLE)组、高温高湿安静(HHQ)组和高温高湿运动(HHE)组共8组,每组8只. 安静组大鼠每天在相应环境中安静放置2 h,运动组在相应环境中安静放置1 h后运动(14 m/min)1 h,连续14 d. 每天实验前后称量大鼠体质量并计算体质量丢失率,实验结束后立即测定大鼠肛温. 第16天所有大鼠在高温(36℃)高湿(85%)条件下运动30 min (28 m/min),记录运动期间力竭大鼠的数量与力竭时间,并记录力竭即刻或运动结束后大鼠肛温,第17天统计动物死亡数量.结果 在热习服过程中,除高温安静组外,其余各组从第4天开始体质量丢失率明显下降(P<0.05);高温安静与高温运动组大鼠从第4天开始肛温明显下降(P<0.05);4个运动组大鼠的肛温和体质量丢失率明显高于4个安静组(P<0.05),且HHE组肛温高于HLE组(P<0.05),但2组间体质量丢失率无明显差异(P>0.05). 高温高湿条件下运动刺激后,HLE组和HHE组的肛温、中途力竭数量和死亡数量明显低于LLQ组和HHQ组(P<0.01),但HLE组与HHE组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 高温高湿和高温常湿条件下运动训练均能达到最好的习服效果;从训练期间对人体体温和体质量丢失率影响较小且体感更舒适的角度考虑,选择在高温常湿环境条件下进行运动训练是较为适宜的热习服训练方法.%Objective To investigate the effects of different thermal conditions on the heat acclimatization and physical ability of rats in hot and humid environment .Methods Sixty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:the normal temperature and humidity rest group ( or the NTHR group );the normal temperature and humidity exercise group ( or the NTHE group );the normal temperature and high humidity rest group ( or the NTHHR group ); the normal temperature and high humidity exercise group ( or the NTHHE group);the high temperature and normal humidity rest group (or the HTNHR group); the high temperature and normal hu-midity exercise group ( or the NTNHE group );the high temperature and humidity rest group ( or the HTHR group ) and the high tem-perature and humidity exercise group (or the HTHE group), each consisting of 8 animals.Every day, the rats of the rest groups were left there at rest in the corresponding environment , while the rats of the exercise groups were first left there at rest for an hour , then had exercise at a load of 14 m/min for an hour for a succession of 14 days.Every day, all the rats were weighed both before and after exper-iment, the rate of weight loss was calculated and rectal temperature was taken the moment after the experiment was terminated .At day 16, all the rats had exercise at high temperature (36℃) and high humidity (85%) environment at a load of 28 m/min for 30 minutes. The number of the exhausted rats and exhaust time were recorded during exercise , and at the same time , the levels of rectal temperature were taken the moment after exhaust and when the exercise was terminated .At day 17, the number of rats that died of exhaust was cal-culated and recorded .Results In the course of heat acclimatization , the rate of weight loss at day 4 for all the animals groups except the groups at high temperature/rest began to decrease considerably (P<0.05).The rectal temperature of the animals in the high tem-perature/rest group and the high temperature/exercise group began to drop significantly at day 4(P<0.05).The rectal temperature and weight loss rate of the rats in the 4 exercise groups were significantly higher than those of the 4 rest groups (P<0.05).Furthermore, the rectal temperature of the HTHE group was significantly higher than that of the HTNHE group (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in the rate of weight loss , when comparisons were made between the two groups (P>0.05).Following physical exercise at high temperature and high humidity , the rectal temperature and the number of the rats with exhaust in the midst of the exer-cise and the number of deaths the next day in the HTNHE and HTHHE groups were significantly lower than those in the NTNHR and HTHHR groups (P<0.01).However, no significant differences could be seen between the HTNHE group and the HTHHE group (P>0.05).Conclusion Exercises at high temperature/high humidity and high temperatureormal humidity could achieve best heat accli-matization effect .From the standpoint of least effect on body temperature and weight loss , training at high temperatureormal humidity environment is a more appropriate heat acclimatization method .
展开▼
