朱熹“性即理”思想的伦理意蕴

摘要

朱熹“性即理”思想不仅论证了作为儒家道德的核心价值---仁义的根源与形上依据，即人性之善源于天理，是存在于天下万物的“所以然之故”，也是人日常生活的“所当然之则”，呈现出化当然为必然的趋向，而且揭示了其伦理本性在于普遍性与特殊性的统一，赋予了社会伦理以客观必然性以及对社会个体的先在规定性，论证了社会伦理的普遍性与有效性。从社会伦理到个体德性无不在天理的客观必然性的统摄下，实现了个体道德与社会伦理的统一。朱熹以“心与理一”命题的阐发，诠释了道德的本质是主体性与规范性的合一，确立了道德的自律原则。%The theory of “Nature is the Root of Humanity” proves the kernel value of Confucianism, namely, virtues of humanity coming from Nature. It is the basic reason deeply rooted in all creatures and is the basic rule for the prac-tice of humans in daily life. Meanwhile, this theory reveals that the ethnic nature of kindheartedness and justice lies in the unity of universality and particularity, and bestows inevitability and stipulations on individuals. Both social ethnics and individual morality are under the regulations of Nature, and thus the unity between individual morality and social ethnics are realized.