儒家思想与压力应对：应激研究的本土心理学视角

摘要

The Confucian paradigm of stress management includes the cognition of and the reaction to pressure. Considering sufferings indispensible to growth,Confucianism advocates keeping aloof from difficulties and pains. When the stress is beyond one's ability to cope with,Confucianism introduces the notion of destiny to alleviate the pressure. Confucians emphasize a person's internal cultivation and external behavior and maintain that stress can be managed from these two aspects. Rising above the western skewed view on stress management,which puts too much emphasis on non-psychological means,the Confucian way of coping with stress integrated psychological and non-psychological means. As an effective Chinese way of coping with stress,it also constitutes an important access to Chinese na-tional character.%儒家式应对思想包括对压力的认知以及针对压力的应对行为。儒家面对挫折和困苦的态度是坦然的，艰难困苦是成长必须经历的。当压力与困境超出个人能力时，儒家引入“命”的概念来缓解个人面临重大压力时的挫折感。儒家强调从个人的内在修养和外在行为这两方面来应对压力。儒家式应对突破了西方应对观中仅重视非精神性应对方式的局限，融合了精神性与非精神性的应对方式，是源自本土的有效应对方式之一，也是理解中国人民族特性的重要切入点。