高校社区老年人慢性病现状及相关因素分析

摘要

Objective To understand the current situation of chronic diseases among the elderly people in the university community in order to provide a basis for formulating the prevention and treatment strategy of chronic diseases in the community elderly people. Methods The survey data in the patients attending the special chronic diseases declaration of Shaanxi provincial health insurance clinic and ultimately passing the check in a university from October 2013 to May 2014 were collected. The prevalence situation of various chronic diseases in this population and the related factors were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in this population was 31.72%(1 073/3 373),moreover the prevalence rate of chronic diseases showed the increasing trend with the age increase,which in the population aged≥80 years old was highest[38.68%(258/667)];which had statistical difference among different age groups(P<0.01). The top 5 diseases were in turn hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,cerebrovascular disease and tumor. The prevalence rates of diabetes and cerebrovascular disease in males were higher than those in females,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Age and body mass index were the risk factors of chronic diseases,while the physical exercise and high sleep quality were the protective factors. Conclusion Major chronic dis-eases among elderly people in the university community are hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Establishing the correct living style and good dietary habit , actively and initiatively preventing disease are the keys for preventing the community elderly chronic diseases.%目的：了解高校社区老年人慢性病患病现状，为制订社区老年人慢性病防治策略提供依据。方法收集2013年10月至2014年5月某高校参加陕西省医保门诊特殊慢性病申报并最终通过审核的调查资料数据，分析该人群常见慢性病的患病情况及其相关因素。结果该人群慢性病患病率为31.72%（1070/3373），且慢性病患病率随着年龄增长呈上升趋势，≥80岁人群患病率最高，为38.68%（258/667）；不同年龄段人群慢性病患病率比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。患病率居前5位的慢性病依次为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑血管疾病与肿瘤，且男性糖尿病及脑血管病的患病率均高于女性，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。年龄和体质量指数是慢性病的危险因素，而体育锻炼和睡眠质量是保护因素。结论高校社区老年人的主要慢性病为高血压、糖尿病、冠心病和脑血管疾病，建立正确的生活方式和良好的饮食习惯，积极主动地预防疾病，是社区老年慢性病防治的关键。