快速凝固Al-Fe系耐热铝合金的研究进展

摘要

Al-Fe heat resistant alloys prepared by rapid solidification are characterized by excellent thermal stability which can be contributed to fine dispersoids with low diffusibility.Current status of rapid solidified Al-Fe alloys,especially Al-Fe-V-Si alloys and composites,is introduced.The processes used in rapid solidification for preparing alloys are summarized.Traditional densification methods and novel methods such as wedge pressing,rolling restricted by cage and ceramics rolling for bulk billet compaction on miniative press machine are introduced.Development direction of rapid solidified Al-Fe alloys is presented,and it is considered that heat resistance of the alloys needed to be elevated.Preparation methods are developing to the direction of preparing bulk parts with uniform and high density obtained under high cooling rate,and densification methods are developing to the direction of bulk billet compaction on miniative press machine.%通过快速凝固技术制备Al-Fe系耐热铝合金,可以获得弥散细小且在高温下扩散率低的第二相粒子,从而获得良好的耐热性能。本文综述了快速凝固Al-Fe系合金的发展现状,介绍了各系列Al-Fe合金,着重介绍了Al-Fe-V-Si合金及其复合材料;综述了制备合金的快速凝固技术的发展历程;概述了几种快速凝固Al-Fe系耐热铝合金常用的致密方法,并介绍了能在小吨位设备上致密大块多孔材料的楔形压制工艺、外框限制轧制和陶粒包覆轧制工艺;展望了快速凝固Al-Fe系耐热铝合金的发展趋势,认为合金的耐热性能有待进一步提高,提出了制备方法将朝高冷却速率下制备组织均匀且致密度高的大尺寸坯料方向发展,而致密化技术也将朝小型设备制备大尺寸致密材料的方向发展。