神户闽南商人的海外贸易网络及其家族性特征

摘要

From the end of 15th century to the beginning of the 1940s, many of Southern Fu-jian Men emigrated overseas by crossing oceans for the purpose of surviving. During this period, the movement of Southern Fujian Men to other countries was not only high in numbers it was eontinvous, with most of them settling in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and so on. The wave of immigration continued for several centuries, allowing the Overseas Southern Fujian Men consolidate localties, Kinship and occupa-tion, which helped them set up a strong and vast network of commerce and trade.Since Kobe opened its harbor in 1868, many Overseas Chinese have immigratedthere and flourished. In the perid before the 1940s, Kobe was the primary commercial harbor for trading between Japan and China and Southeast Asia. At this time, the Over-seas Southern Fujian Men played a very important role in opening up the Chinese and Southeast Asian markets in Japan. Why were the Overseas Southern Fujian Men able to develop the Chinese and Southeast Asian markets in Japan so successfully? The unique role and position of the Overseas Southern Fujian are worth investigating.This paper will introduce some cases of those active Southern Fujian Men in Kobe, Japan. It will also refers to the genealogy, the documents of property distribution, the rules of commercial houses and other resources in order to investigate the relationship between the management capital and their family ties. Finally, this paper will analyse if the cases in Kobe have the features of traditional family -run business.%在15世纪末至20世纪40年代初,闽南人基于"出海谋生"的目的,大规模向海外进行人口移动.这段时期,闽南人的海外人口移动,不仅有规模性,而且具有持续性.其分布主要集中在东南亚及港澳台等地区.在这几百年的移民潮中,闽南华侨利用地缘、血缘、业缘等优势,在东南亚等地区建立了坚固而广阔的商业贸易网.1868年神户开港后,大批的华侨纷纷前往神户发展,在20世纪40年代前,神户成为日本对中国及东南亚的最主要贸易港口,而闽南华侨在开发日本的中国及东南亚市场所起作用非常的显著.闽南华侨为何能如此成功地发展中国及东南亚市场,其优势之所在,的确耐人寻味.本报告将列举活跃在日本神户的闽南华侨的事例,并藉由族谱、阄书、商号条规等资料,探讨闽南商人的经营资本与家族的关系;他们对于家族财产是如何维系与分配;最后,对华侨的海外贸易网中,是否存在着家族性特征及延续"经济家族"的传统特质作一番考证.