“海为无波”：越南海神南海四位圣娘的传说与信仰

摘要

南海四位圣娘是越南的重要海神，其人物原型是中国宋朝末年的杨太后，宋元崖山海战时死于广东。根据越南的传说，杨太后及其女儿的尸体漂流到越南的义安，成为越南沿海地区的海神。南海四位圣娘作为越南众多海神之一，其信仰地域主要在越南的中部和北部。在越南的民间信仰中，南海四位圣娘有两套系统，京族人以海神的方式信仰，华人则将宋朝的皇妃作为神祗。%The four goddesses of the South Sea （ Nam Hai Tu Vi Thanh Nuong） are popular sea deities in Vietnam. The major figure can be traced to Queen Mother Yang of the Song Dynasty, who died in Yashan in Guangdong during the Yashan War between the Song and the Yuan. According to Vietnamese legend, the bodies of Queen Mother Yang and her daughters were carried by sea current to Nghia An province in Vietnam, where they later became sea goddesses. The worship of the Four Goddess of the South Sea is prevalent in the middle and north part of Vietnam; the Kinh people treat them as sea deities, but the local Chinese worship Queen Mother Yang as one of their deities.