论俄罗斯文学彼得堡文本中“鼻子”的隐喻--以果戈理的《鼻子》为例

摘要

The purposiveness of the birth of Petersburg has come into the metaphor of the Russian litera-ture’s Petersburg text with a series of weird images .In the literature in Petersburg ,people were divided into “I” and“alter ego” ,“me”and“nose” .The existence of any nonessential here has the existing subjec-tivity .The“nose” of the Petersburg text is meaningful .Gogol Performed the fragmentation of the self in the modern Russian society with weird art form in the novel .Through the singular experience of the Eight Civilian Kowaleov’s“losing the nose-looking for the nose-the reproduction of nose” ,the novel revealed the true nature of Petersburg’s society .The writer expected to emphasize the Petersburg ’s essence and spirit of “alienation”of the social stratum ,highlighting the defects in spirit of the Eight Civilian Kowa-leov’s subordinating and the Barber Ivan’s fear and disgust to the authoritarian .%彼得堡诞生的蓄意性和目的性已经借一系列怪诞形象融入俄罗斯文学彼得堡文本的隐喻范畴之中。在彼得堡文本中，人被分裂成“我”与“他我”、“我”与“鼻子”等镜相。大凡非本质的“存在”在这里都获得了存在的主体性。彼得堡文本中的“鼻子”意味深长。果戈理以怪诞的艺术形式在其小说《鼻子》中表现了俄国现代社会人与自我的分裂，通过八等文官柯瓦廖夫“丢失鼻子---找寻鼻子---鼻子重现”的奇异经历，揭示出彼得堡的真实。作家希冀以这种魔幻的情节强调彼得堡的“异化”本质和幽灵性，凸显八等文官柯瓦廖夫所从属的那个社会阶层在精神上的缺陷，以及以理发师伊凡为代表的俄国社会普通民众对于威权的恐怖和厌恶。