基于生命周期评估方法的不同材料建筑物环境影响分析

摘要

Based on Life Cycle Assessment methodology (LCA), a teaching building was designed adop-ting the structure of wood , RC-frame and steel frame respectively on the principle of the same building plan and area, the same service features to meet basic safety and economic objectives .According to architectural design , the LCA analysis was made on three teaching buildings using Athena software Eco -calculator in the whole life cycle except use-stage energy consumption via environmental impact indicators , including energy consumption , material resource , global warming potential , acidification potential , human health respiratory effect potential , a-quatic eutrophication potential , ozone depletion potential , and smog potential .The result shows that wooden structures are more friendly than RC -frame and steel frame on energy consumption , human health and ecologi-cal damage .%基于生命周期评估方法（ Life Cycle Assessment ），本文对一教学楼以“相同的建筑平面与面积、相同的服务功能、满足基本安全与经济目标”原则，分别采用木结构、混凝土结构和钢结构进行设计。根据建筑设计方案，采用Athena Eco-calculator清单模型计算三种建筑物在不考虑使用阶段运行能耗的生命周期内对环境的影响指标，包括能源消耗、原材料使用量、温室效应、酸雨、对人类呼吸健康的影响、水污染、臭氧损耗、光化学烟雾效应等，得出：木结构作为天然有机材料，建筑能耗、对人类健康的影响和生态破坏均比混凝土结构和钢结构低，体现了环境友好性。