Aptamers are kinds of short single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid(ssDNA)or ribonucleic acid(RNA)selected in vitro using SELEX(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). They can effectively bind various targets such as ami-no acids,carbohydrates,proteins,cells and viruses,with the advantages of simple operation,high sensitivity and low cost. This arti-cle outlines the basic principles,advantages and applications of aptamer technology. It also summarizes the features and hazards of ma-rine biotoxins,and introduces the application prospects of aptamer technology in the detection of marine biotoxins.%核酸适配体是利用指数富集的配基系统进化技术体外筛选得到的单链DNA或RNA片段,能高亲和、高特异性地结合氨基酸、糖类、蛋白质、细胞、细菌和病毒等多种目标物质,具有操作简单、灵敏度高和检测成本低等优点.在海洋生物毒素的检测和预防中,核酸适配体技术已显示出巨大的潜力.本文概述了核酸适配体技术的基本原理、目前的应用现状及优势,分析了海洋生物毒素分子的特点及现有检测手段的局限,并对核酸适配体技术在海洋生物毒素检测中的应用前景进行了展望.
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