美国的油污损害赔偿制度主要是通过1990年《油污法》( OPA90)建构的。在墨西哥湾漏油事件中，钻井平台的所有人、承租人和被许可经营、使用的人均有权享有OPA90下油污责任限制的权利。但面对OPA90规定的极其严格的责任限制条件，英国石油公司放弃了7500万美元的赔偿限额。钻井平台的油污损害赔偿具有特殊性，中国应以墨西哥湾油污案为鉴，反思钻井平台油污的无法可依局面。钻井平台不是传统海事法律制度的客体，而是一种独立的法律客体，为满足海洋资源开发和海洋环境保护可持续发展的要求，应构建单独的钻井平台油污损害赔偿机制，赋予钻井平台油污责任限制权利，以“事故制”计算责任限额，规定严格的责任限制条件，实行责任限制丧失条件的举证责任客观化。%The institution of the compensation for oil pol ution damage of U. S. is mainly constructed by the Oil Pol ution Act of 1990 (OPA90). In the oil leak in the Gulf of Mexico, the owners, lessees and licensees are al entitled to the limitation of liability for oil pol ution under OPA90. However, faced with the strict conditions of liability limitation under OPA90 , British Petroleum Company final y gave up the limitation of $ 75 mil ion. The offshore platform is not the traditional object of maritime law regimes, but a separate legal object. The compensation for the oil pol ution damage by offshore dril ing platform has its particularity. China should reflect on its lack of applicable law on the oil pol ution of offshore dril ing platform, establish a separate legal system for the oil pol ution damage by offshore dril ing platforms, give dril ing platform the right of limitation of liability, calculate the limitation of liability on the “accident” basis, establish strict conditions for the limitation of liability, and objectify the burden of proof in the losing of limitation.
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