国际投资仲裁中的先例使用

摘要

Recently, the use of precedents in international investment arbi-tration becomes prevalent, although international investment arbitration tribunals are not bound by the prior awards.The reasons can be concluded as fol ows:par-ticularity of international investment legal system and arbitration, the persuasive role of precedents, and the role of consistency of precedents.However, there are many drawbacks in the use of precedents, therefore, the use of precedents in in-ternational investment arbitration is not de jure stare decisis, but de facto prece-dent regime.This requires international arbitration institutions to use precedents more prudently.This also requires China to strengthen the systematic research of the use of precedents.%尽管国际投资仲裁中所援引的先例并没有强制约束力，但是晚近以来，先例在国际投资仲裁实践中还是得到了普遍的使用，其原因主要有：国际投资法制和裁决的特殊性、先例所具有的说服性功能、先例的一致性功能等。应该注意的是，先例使用存在很多缺陷，因此，国际投资仲裁中的先例使用不是普通法（法律）意义上的遵循先例，而仅是事实上的遵循先例。这就要求仲裁机构使用先例时应对其进行详细分析、评估和管理；对中国来说，则要加强对先例的系统性研究。