耐克专利研发松散耦合网络组织结构研究

摘要

The invention patent data of Nike between 2006 and 2010 of the USPTO-granted patents and the invention patents and utility model patents authorized by the People’s Republic of China Intellectual Property Office of 5 local sportswear brands of LiNing, AnTa, PEAK, XTEP , and Hongxing Erke are used for the data source. Applying loose coupling theory, knowledge management theory, social network analysis theory and competitive technical intelligence theory, using word frequency analysis, social network analysis and correla-tion analysis, this paper explores the patent R&D network structure of Nike, it is found that: The loose coupling network structure of the patent research of Nike develops in a continuous way, which is presented in the enhanced scope and increased depth of patent research; the weak link between different modules is the main factor influencing the knowledge sharing in the network; the R & D organization of Nike has the characteristics of openness, dynamic and self-organization, and the perfect loose coupling network guarantees the sustained organi-zational research and development of Nike. Some enterprises in China also have the structural characteristics of loosely coupled networks, due to the limited R &D members, the number of cooperative R &D is small with a limited scale, and the lack of information channels be-tween the modules, the capacity of the loose coupling network system is too small. There is a big gap between enterprises in China and Ni-ke concerning the R&D differences in quantity and quality. The development of China’s sports patent R&D is constrained by the lack of R&D members, limited number of cooperative researches and poor information exchange.%以2003-2014年美国专利商标局授权的耐克公司发明专利、中华人民共和国知识产权局授权的李宁、安踏、匹克、特步、鸿星尔克5家企业的发明专利及实用新型专利为数据来源。运用松散耦合理论、知识管理理论、社会网络分析原理、技术竞争情报理论，通过词频分析、社会网络分析及相关性分析对耐克专利研发网络组织结构分析认为：耐克专利研发组织的松散耦合网络结构不断完善，表现在专利研发范围、深度上的拓展和深化；弱连接是影响组织网络中知识共享最主要因素；研发组织运行具备了开放性、动态性、自组织性的特点，完善的松散耦合网络为耐克专利研发的深化及可持续发展提供了组织保障。我国部分企业也初步具备了松散耦合网络组织的结构特征，由于研发成员不多，合作研发数量少、规模小，模块之间缺乏信息流通渠道，专利研发的松散耦合网络系统容量过小，研发数量和质量与耐克公司存在较大差距。我国体育专利研发松散耦合网络组织发展主要受制于研发成员的匮乏、合作研发数量较少、信息交流的不畅。