镇江船舶与海洋工程装备产业专利分析*--基于生态位理论

摘要

Purpose/Significance] Ship and ocean engineering equipment is the characteristic industry of Zhenjiang. The innovation and competitiveness of the industry is studied with the niche theory and patent analysis to provide reference for the development of the industry. [ Method/Process] On the one side, based on the three dimensions of time, technology and individual niche factors, the patent filing trends, IPC classification, patentee and technology forms are analyzed from the niche’ s macro perspective. On the other side, from the niche’ s micro perspective, taking the four main technology of the industry as research objects, related enterprise niche and technology niche are analyzed respectively with the RPA comparing relative indicator system and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index system. [ Result/Conclusion] The theory and index reflect the industrial ecological competition, reveal the competitive strength of enterprises, forecast the emerging technologies, and help propose suggestions for the industrial development from three perspectives.%[目的/意义]船舶与海洋工程装备产业是镇江市的特色产业，借助生态位理论，对镇江此产业进行专利分析，研究创新水平和竞争力，为产业发展提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程]从宏观生态位视角，对专利申请趋势、IPC分类、专利权人及其技术构成从时间生态因子、技术生态因子和个体生态因子三个维度进行产业竞争态势的分析；从微观生态位视角，针对镇江船舶与海洋工程装备产业的四类技术，借助相对指标体系RPA比较相关企业的生态位，采用赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数HHI分析技术生态位。[结果/结论]该理论及指数反映了镇江此产业的生态竞争态势，揭示了企业的竞争强度，预测了产业内新兴技术，并从三个角度提出产业发展的对策和建议。