[目的/意义]以重要国立科研机构的高被引论文的核心作者为实证分析对象，通过对比分析核心作者的特征，来探索影响机构产出科研成果的因素。[方法/过程]本文在对一些重要国立科研机构的高被引SCI论文检索的基础上，对论文核心作者的年龄、性别、教育背景等特征进行了调研、分析。[结果/结论]研究结果表明：中德两国国立科研机构的核心科研人员群体的年龄结构相似；目前国立科研机构的核心科研人员群体仍普遍存在严重的“男女失衡”现象；28~37岁是男、女性科研人员参与高质量科学研究的活跃期，也是最有可能成为科研团队核心主力的时期；博士几乎成为全部高影响力研究人员的学历水平，中国国立科研机构“近亲繁殖”的现象严重。%Purpose/Significance] This study presents the results of an empirical case study of core authors' characteristics of highly cited papers produced by some significant national research institutions in China and Germany. With the purpose of finding out the factors affect-ing research institutions ' output, we investigate and compare characteristics of core authors in some specific institutions. [ Method/Process] In this paper, we retrieve some national research institutions' highly cited SCI papers firstly, then investigate and analyze the char-acteristics of core authors, including their age, gender and education background and so on. [ Result/Conclusion] The results demonstrate that age structure of core authors in China's national research institutions is similar to Germany's, and the gender gap is still pronounced in most national research institutions' core author groups;researchers around age 28-37 are more likely to reach their active peak, and are al-so more likely to be key members of research teams;almost all of the high impact researchers have a doctorate, while serious close breed-ing exists in some Chinese institutions.
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