水稻长颖壳突变体的形态发生、解剖结构观察及其遗传鉴定

摘要

长颖壳花器官突变体从野生稻(Oryza ntvara Sharma et Shastry)和栽培稻(Oryza sativa subsp.indica Kato)杂交后代材料中获得.该突变体的内外稃变长、呈叶状,且顶端表现不同程度的开裂;每朵颖花的雄蕊l～10枚不等;雌蕊l～3枚不等;子房上柱头l～5个不等;有的颖花形成雄蕊/雌蕊嵌合体;子房处常附有瘤状物;此突变体结实率为1 8.2%;花粉可育率为62.46%.利用扫描电镜观察了该突变体花器官形态发生过程,并经遗传分析鉴定该突变性状由单隐性基因(暂命名为lh)控制.本文讨论了lh基因和以前鉴定的其他突变体基因之间的关系,通过表型分析推测,突变体基因可能影响花器官数目同时具有拟南芥B类基因的部分功能.%The long hull floral organ mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was firstly discovered in the hybrid progeny of a wild rice (O. nivara Sharma et Shastry) and a cultivar rice (O. sativa subsp.indica Kato). The florets of the mutant plant show long, leafy paleas/lemmas that result in open hulls. A single floret consists of one to ten stamens, one to three pistils and one to five stigmas on the same ovary. Stamens/pistils-like structures and bulged tissues near ovaries were observed. Low seed setting rate was another obvious character of this mutant. According to statistical analysis, seed setting rate was 18.2%. The percentage of pollen fertility was 62.46%. The process of floral organ morphogenesis was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and genetic analysis indicated that mutant traits were controlled by single recessive gene (temporarily designated as/h). The possible relationships between this/h gene and other floral organ mutants reported earlier in rice are discussed. Furthermore, we deduced that this gene might represent an example of a gene required for generating proper floral organ number and also be similar to Blike genes in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinumn.