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Optimized nitrogen application methods to improve nitrogen use efficiency and nodule nitrogen fixation in a maize-soybean relay intercropping system

机译:玉米-大豆套作系统优化施氮方法提高氮利用效率和根瘤固氮

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摘要

In China, the abuse of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer results in decreasing N use efficiency (NUE), wasting resources and causing serious environmental problems. Cereal-legume intercropping is widely used to enhance crop yield and improve resource use efficiency, especially in Southwest China. To optimize N utilization and increase grain yield, we conducted a two-year field experiment with single-factor randomized block designs of a maize-soybean intercropping system (IMS). Three N rates, NN (no nitrogen application), LN (lower N application: 270 kg N ha–1), and CN (conventional N application: 330 kg N ha–1), and three topdressing distances of LN (LND), e.g., 15 cm (LND1), 30 cm (LND2) and 45 cm (LND3) from maize rows were evaluated. At the beginning seed stage (R5), the leghemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity of LND3 were 1.86 mg plant–1and 0.14 mL h–1plant–1, and those of LND1 and LND2 were increased by 31.4 and 24.5%, 6.4 and 32.9% compared with LND3, respectively. The ureide content and N accumulation of soybean organs in LND1 and LND2 were higher than those of LND3. The N uptake, NUE and N agronomy efficiency (NAE) of IMS under CN were 308.3 kg ha–1, 28.5%, and 5.7 kg grain kg–1N, respectively; however, those of LN were significantly increased by 12.4, 72.5, and 51.6% compared with CN, respectively. The total yield in LND1 and LND2 was increased by 12.3 and 8.3% compared with CN, respectively. Those results suggested that LN with distances of 15–30 cm from the topdressing strip to the maize row was optimal in maize-soybean intercropping. Lower N input with an optimized fertilization location for IMS increased N fixation and N use efficiency without decreasing grain yield.
机译:在中国,化学氮(N)肥料的滥用会导致氮利用效率(NUE)的下降,资源的浪费以及严重的环境问题。谷物-豆类间作被广泛用于提高作物产量和提高资源利用效率,特别是在中国西南地区。为了优化氮素利用并提高谷物产量,我们进行了为期两年的田间试验,采用了玉米-大豆间作系统(IMS)的单因素随机区组设计。三种氮肥施用量:NN(无氮肥施用),LN(低氮肥施用量:270 kg N ha-1)和CN(常规氮肥施用量:330 kg N ha-1),以及LN(LND)的三种追肥距离,例如,评估距玉米行15厘米(LND1),30厘米(LND2)和45厘米(LND3)。在种子开始阶段(R5),LND3的豆血红蛋白含量和固氮酶活性分别为1.86 mg plant-1和0.14 mL h-1 plant-1,而LND1和LND2的分别升高了31.4和24.5%,6.4和32.9%分别使用LND3。 LND1和LND2中大豆器官的尿素含量和氮积累高于LND3。在CN下,IMS的氮吸收量,NUE和N农艺效率(NAE)分别为308.3 kg ha-1、28.5%和5.7 kg谷物kg-1N。然而,与CN相比,LN分别显着增加了12.4、72.5和51.6%。与CN相比,LND1和LND2的总产量分别增加了12.3和8.3%。这些结果表明,从追肥带到玉米行的距离为15–30 cm的LN在玉米-大豆间作中是最佳的。较低的氮素输入量和针对IMS的优化施肥位置可提高氮素固着和氮素利用效率,而不会降低谷物产量。

著录项

  • 来源
    《农业科学学报(英文版)》 |2018年第3期|664-676|共13页
  • 作者单位

    College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;

    College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;

    Shehong Farm Bureau, Suining 629200, P.R.China;

    College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;

    College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;

    College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;

    College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;

    College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China;

  • 收录信息 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD);中国科技论文与引文数据库(CSTPCD);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 入库时间 2022-08-18 00:23:48
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