'忠义'与明代书目著录《水浒传》的历史意义

摘要

明代书目著录章回小说《水浒传》时,或归于"野史""传记",或入"子杂"类,这与《水浒传》本名《京本忠义传》及其早期刊本系统题署含有"忠义"二字,有很大关系.在《水浒传》早期传播过程中,较早的一批谈论者是李开先之类的文坛名流,时人往往将《水浒传》比附于"史书",认为《水浒传》所记多有所本.这种以为《水浒传》是史书的看法并非仅是当时民间的意见,而含有一定程度的官方意志.与《三国志通俗演义》一样,《水浒传》早期流传经历了社会上层向下层民间传播的过程.明代统治者从宣传"忠义"维护统治的需求出发,在都察院刊刻前曾对《水浒传》进行过"政审"."忠义"思想成为《水浒传》早期传播过程中官方的主导意志,这就保证《水浒传》得以有效传播开来.%When the bibliographic recorded ShuiHuZhuanin the Ming Dynasty,it was attributed to the"Ye Shi","Zhuan Ji"or the"Zi Za".It had a great relationship with its name containing the"Zhong Yi"word.In the Shui Hu Zhuan early communication process,the critics were the social elites.Most of them thought what it said had some basis.As the same as San Guo Yan Yi,it was also spread from the upper class to the bottom of society.Because of the"Zhong Yi"thoughts,it met the needs of the rulers to maintain domination;therefore,it could be successfully spread.