半夏与虎掌南星、天南星的鉴别研究

摘要

Objective To explore the identification characteristics of Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Pedate Pinellia Rhizoma (Huzhangnanxing) and Arisaematis Rhizoma (Tiannanxing), and ensure safe and efficacy of clinical use. Methods This three kinds medicines were identified by using character identification, thin layer qualitative identification and HPLC fingerprints. Results Banxia was spherical, with occasionally one to two small buds, growing disorded. Huzhangnanxing was flat semi-circular, with one to more lateral buds, and with the main tuber in a plane, arranged in a regular, shaped like a tiger palm. Tiannanxing was flat spherical with few lateral buds. The TLC of this three medicines showed same spots at Rf values of 0.05, 0.23 and 0.99. With the increase of lateral buds, the spot of Huzhangnanxing at Rf 0.91 gradually tend to Tiannanxing, and was different with Banxia. The fingerprint of Huzhangnanxing showed two new peaks at 20.38 min and 55.79 min compared with Banxia, their similarity was 0.88. Tiannanxing added 4 peaks at 6.663 min, 20.858 min, 42.412 min and 63.287 min than Banxia. And the similarity of fingerprint of Tiannanxing and Banxia was 0.697. Conclusion The morphological identification, thin layer identification and fingerprint identification of Banxia, Huzhangnanxing, Tiannanxing are significantly different, and their variants also have some differences. So it is suggested that clinical application should be different.%目的 探索半夏与虎掌南星、天南星的鉴别特征,确保临床用药安全有效.方法 采用性状鉴别、薄层定性鉴别以及HPLC指纹图谱进行研究.结果 半夏呈类球形,偶有1~2个小侧芽,无序着生;虎掌南星呈扁半圆形,侧芽数量1至多个,且与主块茎多在一个平面,排列有规律,形如虎掌;天南星呈扁球形,少有侧芽;薄层鉴别结果显示三者在Rf值0.05、0.23和0.99处显相同颜色斑点,虎掌南星在Rf值0.91左右处的斑点随着侧芽数量的增多,逐渐趋向天南星,与半夏存在一定差别;指纹图谱结果显示虎掌南星在20.38 min和55.79 min处比半夏新增2个峰,与半夏指纹图谱相似度在0.88左右,天南星在6.663 min、20.858 min、42.412 min和63.287 min处比半夏新增4个峰,与半夏指纹图谱相似度为0.697.结论 半夏、虎掌南星、天南星在性状鉴别、薄层鉴别、指纹图谱鉴别均存在较大差别,其变异品种也存在差异,建议临床区别应用.