“革欲复理”、“剥落物欲”与“理在欲中”——朱熹理学、陆王心学与明清实学理欲观之比较

摘要

朱熹理学带有明显的禁欲主义倾向，陆王心学则更倾向于制欲主义，共同的特点都是“存天理，灭人欲”；明未清初思想家则强调要“足民之欲”，认为凡人不能物欲，理就在于天下的公欲，开启了新人文主义的人性论。同时明清思想家还辩证吸收了理学的道德成果，强调要知耻，要做欲望的主人，不能任由欲望泛滥，这些理论促进了近现代儒学的人本主义转型。%When dealing with human nature, Neo-Confucianism has a tendency of asceticism, Lu- Wang＇s heart studying has a tendency of stoicism, while both of them emphasizes elimination-of-desires-of-all-sorts. Pragmatic thought turns it from an exclusive ascetic practice to acceptance of reason-based desires, which are important to the contemporary people.