首页> 中文期刊>河北农业大学学报 >几种植物提取物和天然产物对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制作用

几种植物提取物和天然产物对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制作用

     

摘要

The effects of garlic and scouring rush extracts and two plant products-Bio-clean and Citronella Oil, on spore germination, hyphae growth and infection of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary on potato leaves were evaluated and measured in comparison with protective fungicide chlorothalonil and distilled water which was used as control. Highest inhibitions on germination of P. infestans were obtained with Bio-clean and garlic (Allium sativum L.). The inhibition rates on germination of sporangia and zoospores increased with increasing concentrations of these extracts and reached as high as 100 percent when the dosages were high. The germination of zoospores was totally stopped by all the concentrations of Bio-clean and garlic. Scouring rush also showed antifungal properties but with less extent. Citronella oil didn't show effectiveness on inhibiting sporangium germination but reduced the germination rate of zoospores. Garlic extracts from fresh bulbs had stronger inhibiting effect than the extract from dry garlic bulbs on the germination of sporangia and zoospores. However, there was no significant difference between the extracts of immediately made from fresh bulbs and those which was kept for a week under 4℃. The effect of scouring rush extract from fresh leaves was not significantly superior over the extract from dry leaves and the extract from fresh leaves but stored for one week on inhibiting sporangium germination. However, the inhibiting effects against zoospore germination were significantly different between the extracts from fresh leaves and that from dry leaves. Tests were made on inhibiting effects of plant extracts and plant products on hyphae growth of P. infestans on petri dishes. No mater autoclaved or not, Bio-clean 0.125% totally inhibited the formations of P. infestans colonies, which indicated that Bio-clean is not sensitive to heat. The inhibiting effect of garlic was as good as Bio-clean when it was not autoclaved. However, its effect lost completely when it was autoclaved. The inhibitory compound was possibly thermolabile. In general, the filter-sterilized extracts had greater inhibitory effect on the fungus than the autoclaved samples. The effectiveness of various extracts on hyphae growth was in the decreasing order of Bio-clean, garlic, scouring rush and Citronella oil. All the plant extracts and plant products had no curative effects on development of P. infestans on potato leaves. Bio-clean (0.125%) had significant influence on inhibiting the infection of P. infestans when it was used at the same time to three days earlier than inoculation. Its effect was as good as chlorothalonil (0.1%). Garlic (2%) had strong inhibiting effect when it was used one day earlier or at the same time of inoculation. The inhibition rate reached 89% and 100% respectively. Comparing to untreated check, souring rush (4%) and Citronella oil (400 mg*kg-1) had some effects when they were used 1~2 days earlier than inoculation. However, the disease prevention effects were not enough. These results showed that Bio-clean and garlic have strong antifungal properties and there are great potential for using them in potato plant protection against P. infestans.%大蒜和木贼提取物以及生物洁净剂和香茅油被用来测定对马铃薯晚疫病菌的孢子萌发、菌丝生长以及对叶片侵染的抑制作用,百菌清和清水用作对照.生物洁净剂和大蒜提取物对晚疫病菌孢子萌发具有最好的抑制作用.随着提取物浓度的提高,抑制效果也相应提高直到抑制率100%.生物洁净剂和大蒜提取物的所有浓度处理均完全抑制了游动孢子的萌发.木贼提取物也显示了抑菌特性,但程度较低.香茅油对孢子囊的萌发未显示抑制作用但对游动孢子的萌发有一定抑制作用.新鲜大蒜提取物比半干燥大蒜提取物有更强的抑菌作用.新制备的提取物与在4 ℃条件下放置1周的提取物相比在抑菌作用上没有显著差异,然而,来自新鲜木贼茎叶的提取物比干燥茎叶的提取物对游动孢子萌发抑制作用更强.无论经过灭菌与否,0.125%的生物洁净剂能完全抑制晚疫菌菌落的形成,说明它对高温不敏感.大蒜提取物在经高温处理后抑菌作用显著下降.对菌丝生长抑制效果从高到低排列依次为:生物洁净剂,大蒜,木贼和香茅油.所有提取物和天然产物对马铃薯叶片上的病菌不表现治疗作用.0.125%的生物洁净剂在接种前3 d和接种同时都显著地抑制了病原菌的侵染,其效果等同于百菌清.2%的大蒜提取物在接种前1 d和接种同时对病菌侵染的抑制率分别达89%和100%.与不经处理的对照相比,4%的木贼提取物和400 mg*kg-1的香茅油在接种前1~2 d对病菌侵染有一定的抑制作用,但作用程度不明显.以上结果表明生物洁净剂和大蒜提取物有用于马铃薯晚疫病生物防治的可能性.

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