局部知识溢出与企业全要素生产率演化--基于中国制造业企业数据的研究

摘要

By building the local knowledge spillover model,this article introduces the effects of neighbor enterprises of local areas into the total factor productivity evolution equation of the enterprise -the Tobit-II regression equation.Based on the manufacturing enterprise data (2000—2007 ),this empirical analysis finds that:(1 )the neighbor enterprises at the county,city and province levels have significantly positive spillover effects on the total factor productivity evolution of the observed enterprises;(2 )the neighbor enterprises at the county level have the largest spillover effect,the neighbor enterprises spillover effect at the city level is the second,while at the province level the neighbor enterprise spillover effect is the weakest and the most unstable;(3 )more communication opportunities among the neighbor enterprises can encourage local productivity spillovers;(4 ) the higher ratio of the neighbor enterprises in the same industry would promote local productivity spillover effect;(5 ) the source of regional productivity spillover mainly comes from the neighbor with high efficiency,while the influence of the neighbor enterprises with low efficiency is negative.%通过构建局部知识溢出模型，将局部区域中邻居企业的影响引入到企业全要素生产率演化的Tobit－II回归方程中。基于我国制造业企业数据（2000—2007年）的实证分析发现：（1）县级、市级和省级区域中邻居企业对观测企业的全要素生产率演化具有显著地正向溢出效应；（2）县级区域邻居企业的溢出效应最大，市级次之，省级最弱且不稳定；（3）邻居企业间交流机会的增加会促进局部区域生产率溢出；（4）邻居企业中同行业企业占比增加会提升局部生产率溢出效应；（5）局部区域生产率溢出的源头主要来自于高效率的邻居企业，低效率邻居的影响是负向的。