乐之“道”：荀子音乐思想的人性论基础

摘要

The essence of Xunzi＇s music thought lies in that he took music as an important approach to his ＂Dao＂（doctrine）.＂Yue＂（music） is not only involved with the feelings,but can also make people ＂shan＂（kind） together with ＂li＂（etiquette）.Contrary to Mencius,Xunzi believed that the human characters are natural with no difference,which cannot be obtained through learning or hard work,but influenced greatly by breeding in the life.So he advocated to reform human characters with music.And also contrary to Mozi,Xunzi opposed the idea of ＂non-music＂ of Mozi,believing that music can push the human nature to a state of ＂wei＂cultivation.Because Xunzi＇s music thought was based on his humanistic ideas,his rejection to Mozi＇s ＂non-music＂ idea reflects his wish to use music to promote human nature by cultivation.He appealed for the preference of noble music to despicable sounds,so as to make people kind and reach the doctrine.%荀子音乐思想在于将音乐作为达到其＂道＂的重要途径。＂乐＂不仅与情感相结合,而且与＂礼＂共同使人为＂善＂。荀子与孟子不同,认为人性是自然的,＂不可学,不可事＂,没有好坏之分,关键在于后天的引导,因此主张音乐对人性进行改造。荀子与墨子不同,反对墨子非乐,认为音乐对于人性可起到＂伪＂的作用。荀子的音乐思想,建立在他的人性论基础之上,反对墨子的非乐即是音乐能够＂化性起伪＂,要求贵礼乐贱邪音,使人走向善,达到＂道＂。