论城市农民工的社会适应问题

摘要

农民工是我国城市建设中的一支不可或缺的力量，但目前绝大多数农民工尚未实现生活方式和价值观念的转变，尚未融入城市社会，从而出现诸多社会适应问题。实际上，农民工的城市适应与社会化关系密切，并存在经济、社会、心理方面的适应层次，面临着就业歧视和就业压力、基本权益的损害、居住条件恶劣等主要困境，这主要是由户籍制度、市民与传媒的偏见、城市社会各组织团体的接纳与关注不足、农民工自身因素所造成的。因此，解决农民工城市生存的经济基础问题，消除户籍制度的阻隔，转变城市居民的偏见与歧视，改变城市社会组织机构，加强对农民工的组织和管理，以切实加强农民工的城市适应能力。%Presently, college education emphasizes more external knowledge and skills than inner moral cultivation. As a result, college students care more about profits instead of moral principles, so their moral cultivation is left far behind their educational record. The weakening of morality even leads to constant crimes. In order to reverse the moral weakening tendency, some counter measures are thereby put forwards： courses of humanity should be proportionally increased so that knowledge and morality can be combined; teachers should increase their own self-cultivation so as to keep the awareness of being a teacher in mind; academic education should be put into practice so as to create an atmosphere for moral cultivation.