'怀疑/信任'的词类标注研究——兼论兼类词自指义项的释义模式

摘要

The word class labeling, especially for multi-category lexemes in Chinese dictionaries or Chinese-foreign language bilingual learners' dictionaries, has always been considered a hard problem.From the perspective of Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory, the present study is intended to conduct usage pattern surveys of Huaiyi and Xinren on the basis of the Chinese National Corpus (plus CCL Modern Chinese corpus and Sketch Engine Chinese Corpus).Since Huaiyi and Xinren have high token and type frequency in its reference usage, the lexemes of Huaiyi and Xinren belong to both verbs and nouns in the lexicon at langue, and should be labeled as such in large and medium-sized Chinese and Chinese-foreign language dictionaries.There are five types of definition patterns, including transformed paraphrase, nominal paraphrase, the briefest paraphrase, encyclopedic paraphrase and incomplete paraphrase.Finally, specific suggestions on how to deal with Huaiyi and Xinren are provided.%汉语单语和汉外双语学习词典中的词类标注,尤其是如何处理兼类现象,一直被认为是个老大难问题.结合双层词类范畴化理论,基于国家语委现代汉语语料库,辅之以CCL现代汉语语料库和Sketch Engine汉语语料库对"怀疑/信任"进行使用模式调查.结果表明,"怀疑/信任"表指称的用法具有很高的个例频率和类型频率,概括词"怀疑/信任"在现代汉语社群语言层面词库中兼属动词和名词,因而大中型汉语和汉英词典应把两者处理为动名兼类词.汉语词典针对兼类词自指义项可有五种释义模式:转换释义、名性释义、最简释义、百科释义和不完整释义.最后对大中型汉语词典如何处理"怀疑/信任"给出了具体建议.