中国国有火电上市公司成本效率分析——基于随机前沿方法

摘要

A market share of state-owned thermal power company is threatened by environment renovation and carbon emission reduction policy,the promotion of competitiveness has become an urgent problem to be solved.For evaluating cost efficiency level of state-owned thermal power and analyzing the effect of different subject toliability on efficiency,panel data from 17 state-owned thermal power listed companies were selected to conduct efficiency calculation with random frontier cost model.The result shows that the external factor can't be overlooked because enterprise efficiency is widely distributed in consideration of observable and unobservable external factors,as well as the cost efficiency is increasing overall with big rise in space,among them,cost efficiency of central enterprise are higher than others.For the result,relevant countermeasures and suggestions are as follows:encourage enterprise to put more investment in equipment,manpower,advanced technology and other aspects,and strengthen management to resist the adverse effects of unobserved external factors on Enterprises.%国有火力发电公司的市场份额正受环境整治和碳减排政策威胁,竞争力的提升已成为其亟待解决的问题.为了评估国有火力发电企业的成本效率水平,并分析不同的责任主体对效率的影响,选取了2007-2015年17家国有上市火力发电企业构成的面板数据集,采用随机前沿成本模型进行效率测算.结果表明,既考虑可观测外部因素又考虑不可观测外部因素时,企业效率分布更加分散,因此外部因素不能被忽视,同时国有火力发电企业的成本效率总体呈上升趋势,但仍有较大的上升空间,其中央企的成本效率普遍高于其他国有企业.针对结果提出了相应的对策与建议:应鼓励企业在设备、人力和先进技术等方面做更多投入,并加强管理,以抵抗未观测到的外部因素对企业带来的不良影响.