硅负极材料的储锂机理与电化学改性进展

摘要

Silicon is considered as one of the most promising anode materials for the next-generation lithium ion batteries because of its huge specific capacity for lithium storage.The electrochemical characterization and lithi-um storage mechanism of silicon are systematically summarized in this paper.We also discuss the main prob-lems in the silicon anode materials and the corresponding reasons for these problems.The recent progress in im-proving the electrochemical properties of silicon is reviewed in terms of controlling pulverization of silicon in the lithiation/delithiation process,constructing the stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)layer and enhancing the conductivity of silicon.The future direction for silicon as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is outlined as well.%硅作为锂离子电池负极材料具有极高的比容量,被认为是最有应用潜力的下一代锂离子电池负极候选材料.本文系统总结了硅负极材料的电化学储锂特性和储锂机理,分析了硅负极材料存在的主要问题及原因.针对存在的问题,从嵌脱锂过程硅材料粉化调控、稳定固体电解质界面膜(SEI膜)的构建和硅材料导电性调变3方面对硅负极材料的电化学改性进展进行了评述,并指出了硅负极储锂材料今后的研究方向.