具有梯度结构的三维IPMC的制备及表征

摘要

离子聚合物金属复合材料(ionic polymer metal composite,IPMC)是一种离子型电活性聚合物,具有驱动电压低、位移变形量大、反应迅速和质量轻等优点,作为新型的电致动材料具有广阔的应用前景.但是现有的IPMC电致动材料存在输出力小和非水工作时间短的缺点.通过制备厚度上具有梯度变化的三维IPMC来提高IPMC的驱动性能;采用不易电解挥发、稳定性较好的乙二醇作为IPMC的工作介质,延长IPMC的非水工作时间.研究结果表明,在相同幅值的正弦交流电压下,具有一定梯度结构的IPMC能够显著提高其形变位移和输出力,幅值为3.5 V时,形变位移和输出力较相同质量厚度的平面型IPMC分别提升了7.0%和47.9%;用乙二醇置换水作为工作介质的平面型IPMC,其非水工作时间得到大幅提升,从150 s延长至300 s.IPMC电机械输出性能的提升和非水工作时间的延长对于IPMC在驱动领域的进一步应用开发具有重要意义.%Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) belong to ionic electroactive polymers and have broad application prospect as a new type of electric actuator material due to their advantages such as low driving voltage, large deformation displacement, rapid reaction, light weight, and so on.However, there are still prominent deficiencies in the existing IPMC, such as low blocking force and short air-operation time.This study improves the performance of IPMC by fabricating three dimensional IPMC with structure of gradient in thickness and uses ethylene glycol, instead of water, as solvent in IPMC in order to prolong the air-operating time of IPMC.The results indicate that 3-D IPMC with the structure of a certain gradient in thickness improves the performance both in deformation displacement and blocking force under 3.5 V, 0.1 Hz sinusoidal alternating voltage.Compared to the planar IPMC with the same quality and thickness, the deformation displacement and blocking force of 3-D IPMC are increased by 7.0% and 47.9%, respectively.The air-operation working time is significantly prolonged from 150s to 300s, when using ethylene glycol as the solvent.The improvement of electromechanical output performance and the extension of non-water working time for the IPMC have great significance for the further application development in the driving area.