生物炭在储能材料及器件中的研究进展

摘要

Biochars encompass an excellent prospect in the field of energy storage.Biochars possess a large specific surface area, rich pore structure and good electrical conductivity.These features make them have the potential to provide high power and high reversible capacity.At the same time, they have advantages of rich source of raw materials, environment friendly and easy processing and structural devising, which characteristics fossil energy storage materials are not available.When the original biochars are used as energy storage materials and components, their irreversible capacity are large and their high-current charge and discharge capacity are weak.For these problems, this paper expounds the principal preparation methods of biochars and some methods ofenhancing their reversible capacity and high-current charge and discharge capacity when they are used as the lithium-ion battery anode and supercapacitor electrode material.%生物炭在储能材料及器件中有着非常好的应用前景.生物炭具有大的比表面积、丰富的孔结构、良好的电导性,这些特征使它具有大功率充放电和提供高可逆容量的潜力;同时它原料来源丰富,对环境友好,易进行加工和结构设计,这些特征是化石类储能材料不具备的.针对原始生物炭作为储能材料及器件时不可逆容量大、大电流充放电能力弱的问题,论述了生物炭制备的主要方法及其应用于锂离子电池和超级电容器时提高其可逆容量和大电流充放电能力的一些方法.