以石墨烯气凝胶为导电相的压电阻尼复合材料

摘要

阻尼材料在减振降噪领域有着极其重要的应用,而压电阻尼复合材料能够在普通阻尼材料摩擦损耗基础之上进一步引入力-电-热损耗,从而提高基体材料的阻尼性能,使其在主动和被动减震方面备受青睐.但是通常为了达到导电渗流阈值,需要添加大量的导电相.采用模板辅助氧化石墨烯自组装的方式制备了三维石墨烯气凝胶,以此作为导电相,以聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 IPN 共聚物作为基体,锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷作为压电相,制备了压电阻尼复合材料.三维石墨烯气凝胶的使用,由于其本身三维导电网络的存在,使得制备的压电阻尼复合材料可以在很低的导电相含量下达到导电渗流阈值,将压电陶瓷产生的电能转化为热能损耗掉,有效拓宽了基体材料的阻尼温域和提高了材料室温下的阻尼性能.%Damping materials have extremely important applications in the field of vibration and noise reduction. Piezoelectric damping composite materials can further introduce the energy loss way of mechanical force-electric-ity-heat so as to improve the damping performance of the matrix,which has been favored in both active and pas-sive vibration suppression.However,in order to reach the conductive threshold,a large amount of conductive phase needs to be added.In this experiment,a three-dimensional graphene aerogel was prepared by template-as-sisted self-assembly graphene oxide,which was used as the conductive phase.Then graphene aerogel was com-posited with PU/PMMA/PBMA IPN copolymer and PZT to prepare piezoelectric damping composites.Due to the existence of its own three-dimensional conductive network,the use of three-dimensional graphene aerogel makes the prepared piezoelectric damping composite material reach the conductive threshold at a very low con-ductive phase content,and converts the electric energy generated by the PZT into thermal energy,effectively widening the damping temperature and improving the damping properties at room temperature of the matrix.