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伏牛山栓皮栎群落优势种群种间关联动态分析

     

摘要

为揭示伏牛山国家级自然保护区栓皮栎群落发育和演替过程中物种种间关联性动态变化规律,采用方差比率和Pearson相关系数检验的方法,测定栓皮栎群落两个林龄组乔木层、灌木层、草本层及其各层次之间主要物种的总体关联性和种对间的相关性.结果表明:栓皮栎群落乔木层和灌木层主要物种的种间关系由中幼龄林的不显著负联结演变为成熟林的不显著正联结,乔木层和灌木层、草本层各垂直层次之间物种的总体联结也趋向正联结; 成熟林中乔木层与灌木层之间主要物种对的总体联结达到显著的正联结水平[Rv=1.96>1,W=11.78> χ20.05(5)].中幼龄林乔木层的优势树种栓皮栎与喜阳的先锋树种山槐和黄连木显著正相关中幼龄林灌木层显著正相关的物种对多为阳性物种,成熟林乔木层栓皮栎与顶级树种短柄枹和鹅耳枥显著正相关,成熟林阶段灌木层显著正相关的物种对既有阳性物种对,也有耐阴的物种对.在垂直层次之间,中幼龄林乔木层的栓皮栎与灌木层的山槐、草本层的野菊显著正相关,成熟林乔木层的栓皮栎与灌木层的四照花、白檀以及草本层耐阴的大披针薹草关联紧密.随林龄增长,群落内物种的生态位分化越来越合理,种间关系趋于正联结.同一层次内物种相似的生态位以及垂直层次方向上生境的互补性是决定栓皮栎群落种间联结的重要因素.%To reveal the dynamic rules of species interspecific association during the development and succession process of Quercus variabilis community in Funiushan National Nature Reserve,the methods of variance ratio(Rv)and Pearson correlation were applied to test the overall interspecific association and interspecific association for species pairs in different layers of tree,shrub and herb between 2 varied age forests.The results indicated that,from young forest to mature forest,the overall interspecific association of main species showed no significantly passive correlation to no significantly positive correlation;species pairs showed positive trend in the layers of arbor and shrub and between the three vertical layers of arbor,shrub,and herb with the forest growth,especially significantly positive correlation between arbor and shrub layer [Rv=1.96>1,W=11.78>χ20.05(5)].The dominant tree species such as Q.variabilis showed significant positive correlation with the pioneered trees such as Albizia kalkora and Pistacia chinensis in the arbor layer of young and mid-aged forest,however,the correlated species with Q.variabilis changed into climax tree species such as Q.glandulifera var.brevipetiolata and Carpinus turczaninowii in mature forest.Most significantly positive correlated species pairs were light demanding species in shrub layer in young and mid-aged forests,however,in the mature forest,these species pairs were not only light demanding species but also shade tolerant shrub species.Between the vertical layers,in the young and mid-aged forest,the dominant tree species such as Q.variabilis in the arbor layer was significantly positive correlated with Albizia kalkora in the shrub layer,and Chrysanthemum indicum in herb layer.However,in the mature forest,Q.variabilis in the arbor layer showed significant positive correlation with Cornus kousa and Symplocos paniculata in the shrub layer,and shade tolerant species such as Carex lanceolate in the herb layer.This study suggested that the species niche differentiation in the community was becoming more and more reasonable with the forest growth.The similarity of species niche in the same layer and complementary differences in habitat requirement over species between vertical layers might be the main driver factors affected patterns of species association in Q.variabilis communities.

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