酸促进的氨基甲酸酯醇解合成碳酸酯

摘要

Several carbonates are synthesized from carbamates either with hydrochloride as coreactant or with zeolites as catalysts under low temperature and pressure, whereas high yield is achieved through either the formation of ammonium chloride as precipitate or the adsorption of ammonia in zeolites. With hydrochloride as coreactant, the yield reaches 58% at 60℃, while the highest yield is 19% at 140℃ with zeolites as catalysts. Carbonates are considered as environmentally compatible reagents, solvents and gasoline additives, and the new processes may be potential for the substitution of the phosgene routes of pollution hazards.%在较低温度和压力下,以氯化氢为共反应物或沸石分子筛为催化剂,由氨基甲酸酯与醇反应合成多种碳酸酯.氯化铵沉淀的生成或沸石分子筛对氨气的吸附,可推动反应平衡,使碳酸酯的生成达到较高收率.以氯化氢为共反应物时,反应温度为60℃,最高产率达58%;而以沸石分子筛为催化剂,反应温度为140℃时,最高产率是19%.