多巴胺受体基因遗传多态性与精神分裂症的关联及法医学意义

摘要

精神分裂症是一种常见的多因子参与的复杂疾病，司法精神病学鉴定中对精神分裂症的涉及甚多，但无有效的生物学鉴定指标。研究表明，多巴胺神经递质功能紊乱可能在精神分裂症的发生及其主要症状中发挥重要作用。本文综述了多巴胺受体的分类、基因结构以及近年来关于多巴胺受体基因遗传多态性与精神分裂症的关联研究及其法医学意义。%Schizophrenia is a common but complex mental disorder affected by multiple factors. Forensic psychiatric assessment of schizophrenia involves evaluations on many aspects, but there is no effective biological identification index for schizophrenia. Researches indicate that dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our study reviews the classification, genetic structure of dopamine receptors and the recent pertinent studies between the dopamine receptors and schizophrenia and its forensic significance.