大莲湖水源地浮游动物和底栖动物的污染生物学特征与污染分析

摘要

采用浮游动物、底栖动物污染生物学指数方法分析大莲湖水源地不同区域的污染状况,结合水质指标分析不同生物学指数对水体污染的评价效果,运用成分分析法综合分析大莲湖水源地的污染特点.结果显示,夏秋季节大莲湖水源地不同区域的浮游动物Shannon Wiener 指数(H1)为0.3～1.8,Margalef多样性指数(D)为1.0 ～10.4;底栖动物Shannon Wiener指数(H2)为0.81 ～1.26,Goodnight指数(G)为0.30 ～ 0.88,均显示呈污染状态,对应水质指标和相关性分析结果,采用浮游动物Margalef多样性指数(D)和底栖动物的Goodnight修订指数(G)可以更好的反应水体污染状态.综合主成分分析结果,大莲湖水源地不同区域的污染程度依次为水森林＞内河＞池塘＞外河＞湖区,表明大莲湖水源地的湖区有一定的水质净化涵养作用,水源地的污染主要来自内部有机物淤积和池塘养殖,应采取地形塑造、底泥疏浚、水网沟通、控制池塘养殖等修复措施.%Pollution biology indices on zooplankton and benthos were used to analyze the pollution state of different areas of Dalianhu water source,in order to study the pollution characteristics of Dalianhu water source. The evaluation effects of different biological indices on water pollution were considered with its water quality indices,and principal component analysis was used to analyze its pollution characteristics comprehensively. The results showed,during summer and autumn,the range of Shannon-Wiener index(H1 )and Margalef diversity index (D)of zooplankton in different areas of Dalianhu water source was 0.3 -1.8 and 1.0 - 10.4 .respectively;and the range of Shannon-Wiener index (H2) and Goodnight index of benthos ( G) was 0.81 - 1. 26 and 0. 30 - 0. 88, respectively,which all showed it were in pollution. Correlation analysis results was in comparison with the water quality indices, showing the Margalef diversity index (D) of zooplankton and Goodnight index ( G) of benthos can reflect the water pollution state preferably. Combined with the results through principal component analysis, the rank order of pollution state of different areas of Dalianhu water source was water-forest > inner river > ponds > external river > lake area. The results showed the lake area of Dalianhu water source had certain ability to purify and protect water, and the pollution was mainly from interior sedimentation of organic matter and pond aquaculture.The ecological restoration measures for Dalianhu water source should include reshaping the terrain, sediment dredging,communicating water network,controlling pond aquaculture,and so on.