我国城市非点源污染特征及其模型应用探讨

摘要

总结了城市非点源污染的定义，探讨了城市非点源污染的种类、来源、危害、影响因素等特征。为估算城市非点源污染负荷，国外学者研发了许多模型，如SWMM、STORM、MOUSE等。但因我国城市非点源污染具有浓度高，来源多(包括城市道路、屋面、广场、天然降雨、路边垃圾、重点生活源、管网淤积等)，且主要来自于城市道路等特点，国内学者在应用国外模型计算城市非点源污染负荷时可能会遇到一些问题和困难。基于我国城市非点源污染特征及当前SWMM模型在我国的应用，提出了我国在应用模型模拟计算城市非点源污染时需注意的模型参数取值及验证、模拟污染物类型选取、基础资料获取等相关问题，并展望了我国未来城市非点源污染的研究方向。%The definitions of urban nonpoint source pollution were summarized, and the categories, sources, hazards and factors of urban nonpoint source pollution were discussed. In order to calculate the load of urban nonpoint source pollution, a series of urban non-point source pollution models, such as SWMM, STORM, MOUSE, etc. , were developed. Because of the high concentration and more sources ( such as streets, roofs, squares, rainfall, road-side trash, living sources, and pipeline deposition) of urban nonpoint source pollutants in China, difficulties may be encountered in the application of the foreign models to calculate urban nonpoint source pollution load. Based on the characteristics of urban nonpoint source pollution and the current applications of SWMM in China, the problems in the applications of urban non-point source pollution model were proposed, including model parameters valuing and validation, pollutant types selection for simulation and basic data obtaining, etc. , and the recommendations of future study on urban nonpoint source pollution were provided.