Taking the preliminary work of the west route project of south-to-north water diversion as an example, this paper does a comprehensive and systematic analysis on the changes of hydrological situations of the rivers as well as the effects on ecological environment. The targeted measures to alleviate the negative effects of water diversion are also discussed on the basis of summing up the characteristics of ecological environment. The results are that no significant environmental factors constrain the construction of the first stage of West Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion. But there is a certain impact on local rivers, for example, on the aquatic life, on the wetland of downstream, as well as the water quality of several counties around the downstream. After serious study on the effects of water diversion, and through overall planning and consideration, this paper proposes nine green protective methods-environmental protection notion, green design, ecological adjustment, regulatory behaviors, living things recovery, project protection, monitoring and supervision, economic guarantee, and long-term mechanism. Besides, targeted measures are applied to prevent and control the negative effects to the minimum on fish, wetland and water quality. The aim of the project is to design the water diversion project that could benefit both the north and south, and is favorable to environment and economy and shape the first stage of the west route project as the model of green ecological project on Qinghai-Tibet plateau.% 以南水北调西线一期工程的前期工作为例，在概括生态环境现状特征的基础上，对调水后河流水文情势的变化及生态环境影响进行了全面系统的分析，并制定了缓解调水影响的有针对性的措施。结果说明，调水后径流的变化由引水水库至下游沿程递减，到长江干流后已微乎其微；从宏观上分析未发现有制约西线一期工程建设的重大环境因素；但下游河道水量减少，会在局部河段内和一定时期内有一定的影响，主要是对调水河流水生生物的影响、对下游湿地局部的影响、对下游个别县城附近河段水质的影响等。在对调水影响认真研究的基础上，通过全面规划、统筹兼顾，提出构建环保观念、绿色设计、生态调度、行为规范、生物修复、工程保护、监测监督、经济保障及长效机制等九大绿色屏障，采取具有针对性的措施，防控调水工程对鱼类、湿地及水质的影响并将其降低到最低程度。努力设计出一个南北互利、环境和经济双赢的跨流域调水工程，将西线一期工程建成青藏高原绿色生态工程的范例。
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