Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China;
Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle United States;
CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China;
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China;
SnO2/Sn based solar-chemical cycle; Hydrogen production; Non-volatile redox; Isothermal and nonisothermal operation; Syngas production;