农村义务教育投入体制70年:价值路向与前瞻——基于新中国成立以来政策文本的分析

摘要

新中国成立70年来,我国农村义务教育投入体制深受国家宏观经济、财政、税收等制度嬗变的影响,依次历经了从统一列支、两条腿走路、乡村自给、以县为主、到多级共担投入体制的演进.投入体制变迁呈现出清晰的价值路向,变迁逻辑上由工具理性向演进理性转变,投入的价值位序上从城乡分离走向城乡统筹,事权投入重心上历经"U型"转移,投入体制建设关注点由外延式转向内涵式.省思历史,前瞻未来,投入体制改革与发展上要做到"蹄急而步稳",基于公共服务均等化取向推进城乡义务教育投入一体化,建立健全机制保障投入的稳定性与充分性,强化投入体制建设与教育内涵式发展积极相适应.%SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinainthepast70years,China’srural compulsoryeducationinvestmentsystem hasbeendeeplyaffectedbythetransformationofthecountry’s macroeconomic,fiscal,taxationandothersystems.Ithasgonethroughaunifiedline,walkingwithtwo legs,ruralself-sufficiency,beingcounty-based,andthemulti-levelsharedinvestmentsystem.Thechange ofinputsystemshowsaclearpathofvalue.Thelogicofchangeshiftsfrominstrumentalrationalitytoev-olutionaryrationality.Thevalueorderofinputhaschangedfromurban-ruralseparationtourban-ruralin-tegration.Thefocusofresponsibilityexperienced "U-shaped"transformationandthefocusofinvestment systemhaschangedfromextension modetotheconnotation mode.Thinkingabouthistory,lookingfor-wardtothefuture,weshould"hoofquicklybutstepforwardsteadily"intheinvestsystemreformandde-velopment,promotetheintegrationofeducationinputbasedontheequalizationofpublicservices,improve thestabilityandsufficiencyofinstitutionalsupportinvestment,andstrengthentheconstructionofthein-vestmentsysteminlinewiththedevelopmentoftheconnotationofeducation.