为了解东江惠州段重金属污染状况,测定了东江流域惠州段代表性经济鱼类肌肉中Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cr和Hg 7种重金属含量,采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和目标危害系数法对其污染程度及食用安全性进行评价.结果表明,东江惠州段经济鱼类Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cr和Hg含量范围分别为0.058 1～0.546、1.90～14.46、0.225～1.69、0.0004～0.045 8、0.039 7～0.148、0.002 7～0.115和0.002 1～0.075 7 mg·kg-1,平均值分别为0.185、5.54、0.670、0.011 4、0.065 5、0.052 3和0.022 5 mg·kg-1,均未超过国家水产品食用限量标准.与国内外经济鱼类体内重金属含量相比,东江惠州段处于较低水平.单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法评价结果表明,所有鱼类重金属污染等级均为无污染.鱼类的单一和复合重金属健康风险指数均小于1,说明东江惠州段鱼类食用安全性较好,对人群健康风险不明显.%In order to comprehensively evaluate pollution of the Huizhou section of the Dongjiang River,concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,Pb,Cr and Hg) in the muscle of commercial fish typical of the Huizhou Section of the Dongjiang River were determined.Pollution degree and food safety of the fish were evaluated with the single factor pollution index method,comprehensive pollution index method and target hazard quotient method.Results show that Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,Pb,Cr and Hg in the fish varied in the range of 0.058 1-0.546,1.90-14.46,0.225-1.69,0.000 4-0.045 8,0.039 7-0.148,0.002 7-0.115 and 0.002 1-0.075 7 mg · kg-1,respectively,in concentration,and averaged 0.185,5.54,0.670,0.011 4,0.065 5,0.052 3 and 0.022 5 mg· kg-1,respectively.None of the averages exceeded the limits specified in the National Standards for Consumption of Aquatic Products.Compared with commercial fishes in other places,either domestic or foreign,the fish in the section of the Dongjiang River,were relatively low in heavy metal contamination level.The evaluation with the single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index method shows that all the fishes in the section could be sorted into the category of “clean”,with single factor and composite health risk indices being both ＜ 1,which indicates that the fish in the Huizhou Section of the Dongjiang River are safe to eat,and pose no health risk to consumers.
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