近40年来渤海湾岸线变化及影响分析

摘要

Using the method of remote sensing and geographic information system,based on 1975-2015 period of Landsat TM/ETM satellite image data,the Bohai Bay coastline changes,the bay area and coastline property changes during nearly 40 years are analyzed.The results show:① the total length of the Bohai Bay coastline nearly 40 years increased 761 km,but the bay area has been a trend of decline;② artificial coastline proportion accounted for more than 95％ of the total length to 2015;③ main causes of shoreline length increase are human activity (reclamation and port construction),mainly concentrated in Caofeidian Port,Tianjin Port,Huanghua Port.From aspects such as hydrodynamic,sediment and natural evolution environment analyzed the change of the gulf coast and the gulf area of the influence of dynamic sedimentary environment,points out that with the increase of the development and utilization of Marine activities,the influence of human activities on the evolution of coastal zone environment are more and more obvious.%利用遥感和地理信息系统方法,基于1975-2015年间多期Landsat TM/ETM卫星影像数据,对近40年来渤海湾陆域海岸线变化、海湾面积变化和海岸属性变化等进行了分析.研究结果显示;近40年来渤海湾陆域海岸线总长度增加761 km,呈现先微略减小后逐渐增加的变化;至2015年渤海湾沿岸人工海岸线比例约占岸线总长度的95％以上,渤海湾海湾面积一直呈逐渐减少的趋势;导致岸线长度增加和性质变化的主要原因是人类活动(围填海工程与港口建设),主要集中在曹妃甸港区、天津港、黄骅港三个重点区域.从水动力、沉积物以及自然演变环境等方面分析了岸线和海湾面积的变化对海湾动力沉积环境的影响,指出随着海洋滩涂资源和港口资源开发活动不断增加,人为因素对海岸带环境演变的影响愈加明显.