基于FCD的出租车运营特征分析——以上海市为例

摘要

为全面掌握出租车出行规律,科学评估其运营效率,提出了一种面向出租车运营管理的大规模浮动车数据处理方法.以上海市一个月的出租车GPS数据为基础,通过对多项运营指标的计算全面分析了工作日、周末及节假日上海市出租车的运营特征.结果表明,上海市日均出租车空驶率均值为39.1％,已接近合理范围的临界上限值,单日内道路空驶率时空差异明显;与工作日相比,周日和节假日的运营时间及载客时间短且运营效率不高.出租车运营效率有待改善.%In order to better understand the travel behavior of taxies and evaluate taxi operation efficiency,this paper proposed a taxi-operation-and-management-oriented work flow for processing big floating car data (FCD);calculated a set of taxi operation indicators;and analysed taxi operation characteristics on weekdays,weekends as well as public holidays based on GPS data during one month collected by taxies in Shanghai.It is found that daily average idle taxi ratio reaches 39.1％,close to the upper bound of the critical interval.The idle taxi ratio varies significantly across space and time within one day.When compared with a normal weekday,sunday and public holiday are characterized by relatively low operation time and travelling time with passengers,and hence relatively low taxi operation efficiency.More countermeasures should be conducted to improve the capability of taxi management.