继PC互联网、移动互联网之后,世界正在进入智能万物互联网时代,也称为人机物三元计算时代.一个主要特征是,"计算机"不只是PC机、智能手机,也会具象成为物理世界中的各种智能物体设备(物端设备).未来的全球智能万物互联网将拥有万亿级物端设备,它们需要多种多样的控制策略,去满足各自的创新自由度、安全隐私保障、依法依规治理、良好用户体验等方面的需求.一套控制策略难以满足全球智能万物互联网的多样化需求,但可将全网划分成多个域(称为控域),每个有自己的控制范围和控制策略.借鉴面向服务的体系结构(service-oriented architecture,SOA)和REST体系结构风格的经验,提出一种面向控域的体系结构(zone-oriented architecture,ZOA)风格.它的基础技术包括:以控域为元素并含有4个算子的控域代数、3个范式和5个体系结构设计原则.最后讨论了面向控域的体系结构针对的5个问题,并通过一个车联网场景显示了该体系结构风格如何有助于现有研究,提出了开放研究问题.%After PC Internet and mobile Internet, the world is entering an era of smart Internet (Web) of everything, which is also called the human-cyber-physical ternary computing era. A main feature is that"computers"are not restricted to just PCs or smartphones anymore, but are embodied in the physical world, manifesting as trillions of smart devices.These smart devices will need diverse policies, to satisfy different needs on innovation freedom, security, privacy, governance, and user experience.One set of control policies is unlikely to satisfy the needs of the global smart Web of everything.However, the global smart Web can be divided into zones, each being a zone of control, a zone of rights, and a zone of governance.A zone has its own controlling scope and policies, such as whether the devices in a zone are tethered or tetherless.This paper proposes an architectural style for smart Web of everything, called zone-oriented architecture (ZOA), learning from the experiences of the service-oriented architecture (SOA) and the representational state transfer (REST) style.We present a zone algebra with four operators on zones, a set of three normal forms, and a set of two recommended and three optional architectural constraints.We discuss five problems of the smart Web of everything, use an application scenario to show how ZOA can help, and present open problems for future research.
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