Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are integrations of computing and physical systems. Through embedded computers and networks, CPS has realized the cooperation and fusion of these two systems. It will pose great impacts on way of life and mode of production. CPS is a brand new research area, and many problems still need to be solved when utilizing the existing theories and technologies to construct it. Firstly, the concept, characteristics and architecture of CPS are summarized, and its relations with embedded system and network are analyzed. Then, from the perspective of computing system, network system and control system, the main challenges that CPS met are discussed, and currently available theories and technologies that can be utilized in CPS design and the most recent research advances of it are surveyed. Finally it is proposed that the CPS development of the next step should be led by solving the problems of system's abstraction layer design, modeling, architecture design, data transferring and management and system integration as the main research directions, and also offers the possible solutions for those key problems.%信息-物理融合系统(Cyber-Physical System,CPS)集成了计算系统与物理系统,并通过嵌入式计算机与网络实现了两者之间的协作和融合,将对人们的生产和生活方式产生重要影响.CPS是一个全新的研究领域,利用现有基础理论和技术设计CPS时面临着众多问题.介绍了CPS的概念、特点和体系结构,分析了与嵌入式系统、网络的关联,从计算系统、网络系统和控制系统3个方面概括了CPS设计面临的主要挑战,并着重探讨了当前一些可用于CPS设计的理论和技术以及CPS研究的最新进展,指出CPS当前的发展应以解决系统抽象层次设计、系统建模、体系结构设计、数据传榆和管理、子系统集成方面的问题作为其下一步发展主要的研究方向,并提出了一些可行的解决办法,可为相关研究提供参考.
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