问题驱动的需求捕获中问题分析与解决技术研究

摘要

Software requirements are stakeholders' expectations for the envisioned software.Researchers propose a problem driven approach to help stakeholders identify the requirements,that is,stakeholders firstly identify the problems of the current software,then find the solutions for the problems,and then elicit requirements based on the solutions.However,stakeholders usually cannot identify objective and consistent solutions,and describe the solutions clearly.Our previous work focuses on the whole process of the problem-driven scenario-based requirements elicitation.In this paper,we enrich our previous work by proposing a collaborative problem analysis and resolution approach,with the purpose of helping stakeholders identify the objective and consistent solutions.The basic idea of the approach is that stakeholders first discuss the understandability,value,and reasons of the problems; then they identify objective solutions through associating reasons to the solutions.To this end,we provide the classifications of problems,a meta-model of problems and collaborative elements,and a collaborative problem analysis process.Moreover,our approach provides mechanisms to help stakeholders handle the interrelated problems,and mechanisms to assess the degree of the collaboration.We have implemented a Web-based tool (i.e.,CPART) and used the "University Class System" to conduct case studies,which shows that our approach is useful in practice.%问题驱动的需求捕获方法广泛应用于需求获取.然而,利益相关者通常难以找到真实的、一致的问题解决方案并清晰地表达出来.协同式的问题分析与解决方法可以帮助利益相关者找到并表达出真实、一致的解决方案.方法的基本思想是:首先各个利益相关者平等地、按照一定流程协同地分析问题表述的可理解性、问题的价值、问题存在原因；然后利益相关者协同地识别解决方案.通过关联原因和解决方案来保证解决方案的客观性.通过问题的分类,提出问题及协同元素的元模型,及时关注相关联的问题,评估利益相关者的参与程度,用以帮助利益相关者分析与解决问题.选取“高校学生选课系统”进行实例研究,结果显示协同式问题分析与解决是一种在实际应用中行之有效的方法.