面向软件非功能需求的软件过程建模方法

摘要

The qualities of software relate to their synonym of non‐functional requirements (NFRs) and mostly depend on the software processes .Based on this viewpoint ,collecting process strategies from different software engineering processes and using aspect‐oriented modeling ,an approach to modeling NFRs‐oriented software processes is proposed .The purpose of the approach is to ensure the development or evolution of high quality software through the whole life cycle of the software .First , a knowledge base of process strategies is created to store the activities for ensuring the software qualities .Based on these strategies and using aspect‐oriented approach ,corresponding aspects are defined to be composed into the base software process models .The need for these aspects is based primarily on the factor that the activities for NFRs and the base process models can be created separately and easily to be composed later .Besides ,the conflicts between multi‐aspects and between aspects and base models are detected and controlled .Second ,a modeling aided tool NPAT (non‐functional requirements‐oriented processes aided tool ) is developed to support the modeling of NFR‐oriented software processes .Finally ,the theory ,the approach and the tool were used in a case study . Through the case study ,the theory and the approach are proved to be feasible and the tool is proved to be effective . The NFRs‐oriented software process modeling approach can help an organization provide a focus for enhancing software qualities by adding the NFR activities to the software processes .%软件非功能需求决定了软件的质量，而软件质量需求的满足很大程度上依赖于软件开发或演化时所使用的过程。从软件过程的角度出发，总结凝练满足软件非功能需求的过程策略，使用面向方面方法，提出面向软件非功能需求的软件过程建模方法，从软件过程的方法和技术角度保证软件的质量需求贯穿软件生命周期全过程得以实现。首先，基于对软件非功能需求的分析，总结满足非功能需求的过程策略，构建过程策略知识库，在此基础上，使用面向方面方法将过程策略定义的活动封装为方面，并通过方面合成机制织入基本软件过程模型，既实现了基本模型与面向非功能需求活动间的分离，又实现了软件生命周期全过程注入有助于软件质量提升的活动，其中，重点解决了方面织入基本模型的冲突控制及检测问题；另外，通过开发面向非功能需求的软件过程建模辅助工具NPAT （non‐functional requirements‐oriented processes aided tool ），为过程建模及冲突控制提供了技术支持；最后，通过在案例中使用所提出的理论、方法和技术，说明所提出的理论和方法是可行的，开发的辅助工具是有效的，可以通过非功能需求定制的软件生命周期过程达到提升软件质量的目标。