抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为及其风险因素分析

摘要

目的:探讨抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤 (NSSI) 行为及其风险因素.方法:采用自编的一般情况调查表收集153例抑郁障碍患者一般资料 (性别、年龄、受教育年限、病程等) ;应用NSSI行为问卷对入组者进行评估并将其分为伴与不伴NSSI两组, 应用简明国际神经精神访谈中文版 (MINI) 评估患者是否共病焦虑障碍;分析NSSI行为的风险因素.结果:59例 (38. 6％) 患者有NSSI行为, 归为伴NSSI组;不伴NSSI组 (94例) .伴NSSI组女性患者的比率及共病焦虑障碍的比率明显高于不伴NSSI组 (P均<0. 01) , 年龄明显低于不伴NSSI组 (P <0. 05) .伴NSSI组中, 女性患者NSSI行为方式依次为割伤、阻止伤口愈合、刺伤, 男性患者依次为割伤、灼烧伤、过度摩擦皮肤;性别间NSSI行为分布比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0. 05) ;共病焦虑障碍患者NSSI方式及频率与非共病焦虑障碍者比较差异具有统计学意义 (P均<0. 05) .二分类Logistic回归分析显示共病焦虑障碍是抑郁障碍患者NSSI危险因素.结论:抑郁障碍患者中NSSI行为发生率较高, 尤其是女性患者;共病焦虑障碍抑郁障碍患者更容易发生NSSI.%Objective: To explore the status and risk factors in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) . Method: The general data of 153 MDD patients (gender, age, years of education, course of disease, etc.) were collected by self-compiled general information. The participants were assessed by NSSI behavior questionnaire and divided into two groups with and without NSSI, the MINI-international neuropsychiatric interview was used to make a definite diagnosis of MDD and coexisting anxiety disorder (AD) . The risk factors of NSSI behavior were analyzed. Results: There were 59 MDD patients with NSSI accounted for 38. 6％ (MDD with NSSI group) , and 94 cases were without NSSI (MDD without NSSI group) . The ratios of female co-disease anxiety disorder in the MDD with NSSI group were significantly higher than those in the MDD without NSSI group (all P < 0. 01) , age was significantly lower than the MDD without NSSI group (P < 0. 05) . In the MDD with NSSI group, the NSSI behavior in female cases were cut, prevented wound healing, and stabbed. The male cases were cut, burned, and excessively rubbed the skin. The difference of NSSI distribution between genders was statistically significant (P < 0. 05) . The differences of NSSI type and frequency in MDD patients coexisting AD and non-coexisting AD were statistically significant (all P < 0. 05) . Coexisting AD was an important risk factor of NSSI in MDD patients. Conclusion: The incidence of NSSI in MDD patients is higher, especially femle patients. Coexisting AD of MDD patients are more likely to develop NSSI.